![]() When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules.Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does. Use an “accept known good” input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. For MySQL, the mysql_real_escape_string() API function is available in both C and PHP. For example, the Oracle DBMS_ASSERT package can check or enforce that parameters have certain properties that make them less vulnerable to SQL injection. Instead of building a new implementation, such features may be available in the database or programming language.Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable.Use the strictest permissions possible on all database objects, such as execute-only for stored procedures. If the requirements of the system indicate that a user can read and modify their own data, then limit their privileges so they cannot read/write others' data. The database users should only have the minimum privileges necessary to use their account. Specifically, follow the principle of least privilege when creating user accounts to a SQL database.For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks.Do not dynamically construct and execute query strings within these features using “exec” or similar functionality, since this may re-introduce the possibility of SQL injection. These features should accept parameters or variables and support strong typing. Process SQL queries using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or stored procedures.These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated. If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code.For example, consider using persistence layers such as Hibernate or Enterprise Java Beans, which can provide significant protection against SQL injection if used properly.Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.This flaw depends on the fact that SQL makes no real distinction between the control and data planes. The flaw is easily detected, and easily exploited, and as such, any site or product package with even a minimal user base is likely to be subject to an attempted attack of this kind. SQL injection has become a common issue with database-driven web sites. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. VDB-222002 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The manipulation of the argument editid leads to sql injection. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file eduauth/edit-class-detail.php. A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Online Student Management System 1.0.
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